Water absorption

Percentage of water a tile body absorbs. Under 0.5 percent defines porcelain and enables outdoor use.

Measured as a percentage of the tile weight, water absorption separates families: earthenware sits high, standard ceramic in the middle, and porcelain at or below 0.5 percent by definition.

Low absorption is why porcelain resists frost, stains and bathroom humidity. For outdoor and wet commercial areas it is the first line of the TDS to check.

Sintered stone pushes absorption close to zero, which is why it survives freeze-thaw cycles and pool-side chemistry that damages lesser bodies.

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